Tzeng

Peter Tzeng

Partner
Washington, DC

I exclusively advise and represent sovereign States.

Peter Tzeng exclusively advises and represents sovereign States on matters of international law. He regularly litigates cases before the International Court of Justice, where he clerked for a former President of the Court prior to joining the firm. He also represents States in inter-State and investor-State arbitrations, and advises States in treaty negotiations and on matters before the United Nations and other international organizations. Having lived on four continents, he speaks all six official UN languages (Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish) at varying levels of proficiency.

Peter has acted as counsel to States from all over the world, including Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East. His work for sovereign clients has also spanned all major areas of international law, including aviation law, criminal law, environmental law, health law, human rights law, humanitarian law, international organizations law, investment law, law of the sea, migration law, nuclear law, trade law, and United Nations law.

Peter has been invited to speak on issues of international law in more than twenty countries, including at the United Nations, multiple Ministries of Foreign Affairs, as well as at the flagship conferences of the American, European, Asian, and African Societies of International Law. He was recently named Co-Chair of the 2027 Annual Meeting of the American Society, one of the world’s largest annual gatherings of international law professionals. Peter has also widely published on international law, with his scholarship appearing in leading international law journals, books, and commentaries. Additionally, he was the author of the 2018 and 2021 Problems of the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition.

Peter is a recipient of the prestigious Diploma of The Hague Academy of International Law and a graduate of Yale Law School, where he remains the only person in the history of the school to have twice received the Jerome Sayles Hess Prize for "excellence in the area of international law."

Education

  • The Hague Academy of International Law, Diploma, Public International Law
  • Yale Law School, J.D.
  • Princeton University, A.B., summa cum laude

Bar and Court Admissions

BAR ADMISSIONS
  • District of Columbia
  • New York

Languages

  • Arabic
  • Chinese (Mandarin)
  • French
  • Russian
  • Spanish

Experience

International Court of Justice (ICJ)
  • Lithuania v. Belarus (Migrant Smuggling): Counsel to Lithuania in an ICJ litigation concerning the smuggling of migrants.
  • Advisory Opinion on Climate Change Obligations: Counsel to Namibia in an ICJ advisory proceeding on the obligations of States in respect of climate change.
  • Gabon/Equatorial Guinea (Boundaries and Sovereignty): Counsel to Equatorial Guinea in an ICJ litigation concerning land and maritime boundaries and sovereignty over islands.
  • Armenia v. Azerbaijan (Application of the Racial Discrimination Convention): Counsel to Armenia in an ICJ litigation concerning international human rights law.
  • Azerbaijan v. Armenia (Application of the Racial Discrimination Convention): Counsel to Armenia in an ICJ litigation concerning international human rights law. 
  • The Gambia v. Myanmar (Application of the Genocide Convention): Counsel to The Gambia in an ICJ litigation concerning international human rights law.
  • Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE v. Qatar (Appeal under the Chicago Convention): Counsel to Qatar in an ICJ litigation concerning international aviation law.
  • Bahrain, Egypt, UAE v. Qatar (Appeal under the International Air Services Transit Agreement): Counsel to Qatar in an ICJ litigation concerning international aviation law.
  • Qatar v. UAE (Application of the Racial Discrimination Convention): Counsel to Qatar in an ICJ litigation concerning international human rights law.
  • Advisory Opinion on the Chagos Archipelago: Counsel to Mauritius in an ICJ advisory proceeding on the legal consequences of the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius.
  • Nicaragua v. Colombia (Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces): Counsel to Nicaragua in an ICJ litigation concerning the law of the sea.
  • Nicaragua v. Colombia (Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles): Counsel to Nicaragua in an ICJ litigation concerning the law of the sea.
  • DRC v. Uganda (Armed Activities): Counsel to Uganda in the reparations phase of an ICJ litigation concerning armed conflict.
Other Public International Law Matters
  • Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and International Law: Counsel to Mozambique and Sierra Leone in an ITLOS advisory proceeding concerning climate change and international law.
  • Switzerland v. Nigeria (M/T San Padre Pio): Counsel to Nigeria in an ITLOS litigation concerning the law of the sea.
  • Azerbaijan v. Armenia (Energy Charter Treaty): Counsel to Armenia in a PCA arbitration concerning the Energy Charter Treaty.
  • Azerbaijan v. Armenia (Bern Convention): Counsel to Armenia in a PCA arbitration concerning international environmental law.
  • Qatar v. Bahrain (Universal Postal Union Constitution): Counsel to Qatar in a PCA arbitration concerning international postal law.
  • Qatar v. Egypt (Universal Postal Union Constitution): Counsel to Qatar in a PCA arbitration concerning international postal law.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia (Universal Postal Union Constitution): Counsel to Qatar in a PCA arbitration concerning international postal law.
  • Qatar v. UAE (Universal Postal Union Constitution): Counsel to Qatar in a PCA arbitration concerning international postal law.
  • Qatar v. UAE (Goods, Services and Intellectual Property Rights): Counsel to Qatar in a WTO proceeding concerning international trade law.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia (Intellectual Property Rights): Counsel to Qatar in a WTO proceeding concerning international trade law.
  • Qatar v. Egypt, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the UAE (Chicago Convention): Counsel to Qatar in a proceeding before the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization concerning international aviation law.
  • Qatar v. Egypt, Bahrain and the UAE (International Air Services Transit Agreement): Counsel to Qatar in a proceeding before the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization concerning international aviation law.
  • Qatar v. UAE (Racial Discrimination Convention): Counsel to Qatar in a CERD Committee proceeding and an ad hoc conciliation concerning international human rights law.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia (Racial Discrimination Convention): Counsel to Qatar in a CERD Committee proceeding and an ad hoc conciliation concerning international human rights law.
Investor-State Dispute Settlement
  • Suffolk and others v. Portugal: Counsel to Portugal in an ICSID arbitration concerning the banking industry.
  • Multinational oil and gas companies v. Thailand: Counsel to Thailand in a multi-billion-dollar PCA arbitration concerning the petroleum industry.
  • Multinational oil and gas company v. Thailand: Counsel to Thailand in a PCA arbitration concerning the petroleum industry.
  • Sanitek and others v. Armenia: Counsel to Armenia in an ICSID arbitration concerning the waste management industry.
  • Hydro and others v. Albania: Counsel to Albania in an ICSID annulment proceeding concerning various industries.
  • Nissan v. India: Counsel to India in a PCA UNCITRAL arbitration concerning the automobile industry.
Confidential Advisory Matters
  • Counsel to multiple States in multilateral and bilateral treaty negotiations .
  • Counsel to multiple States on matters concerning aviation law, criminal law, environmental law, health law, human rights law, humanitarian law, international organizations law, investment law, law of the sea, migration law, nuclear law, trade law, and United Nations law.
PRIOR PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
  • International Court of Justice, Judicial Fellow (2016-2017)
  • European Court of Human Rights, Kirby Simon Fellow (2014)
  • Bishkek Humanities University, Visiting Lecturer (2012)

Publications

  • “Article 293 of UNCLOS: Applicable law”, in Alexander Proelss and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Commentary (2nd edition, forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 294 of UNCLOS: Preliminary proceedings”, in Alexander Proelss and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Commentary (2nd edition, forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 295 of UNCLOS: Exhaustion of local remedies”, in Alexander Proelss and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Commentary (2nd edition, forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 296 of UNCLOS: Finality and binding force of decisions”, in Alexander Proelss and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea: A Commentary (2nd edition, forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 30 of UNFSA: Procedures for the settlement of disputes”, in Camille Goodman, James Harrison and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement: A Commentary (forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 31 of UNFSA: Provisional measures”, in Camille Goodman, James Harrison and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement: A Commentary (forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 32 of UNFSA: Limitations on applicability of procedures for the settlement of disputes”, in Camille Goodman, James Harrison and Valentin Schatz (eds), The United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement: A Commentary (forthcoming 2027)
  • “Article 33 of the VCLT: Interpretation of Treaties Authenticated in Two or More Languages”, in Andreas Kulick and Michael Waibel (eds), General International Law in International Investment Law: A Commentary, pp. 166-176 (2024)
  • “Annulment: Inter-State Arbitration”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (2023)
  • “Incidental Jurisdiction in International Adjudication and Incidental Determinations by International Organizations”, AJIL Unbound, Vol. 116, pp. 186-190 (2022)
  • “Incidental Jurisdiction”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (2022)
  • “A Strategy of Non-Participation before International Courts and Tribunals”, The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 5-27 (2020)
  • “Appointing Authorities: Self-Appointment, Party Appointment, and Non-Appointment”, in Freya Baetens (ed), Legitimacy of Unseen Actors in International Adjudication, pp. 164-188 (2019)
  • “The Principles of Contemporaneous and Evolutionary Interpretation”, in Joseph Klingler, Yuri Parkhomenko and Constantinos Salonidis (eds), Between the Lines of the Vienna Convention?: Canons and Other Principles of Interpretation in Public International Law, pp. 387-422 (2019)
  • “Fisheries Review Panels: Lessons from Russia v. Commission and Ecuador v. Commission”, Chinese (Taiwan) Yearbook of International Law and Affairs, Vol. 37, pp. 221-242 (2019)
  • “Moving Maritime Boundaries: Changes in Coastal Land Sovereignty, River Courses, Sea Levels, and Maritime Delimitation Law”, Indonesian Journal of International Law, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 135-155 (2019)
  • “Self-Appointment in International Arbitration”, Max Planck Encyclopedia of International Procedural Law (2019)
  • “Investment Protection in Disputed Maritime Areas”, Journal of World Investment and Trade, Vol. 19, Nos. 5-6, pp. 828-859 (2018)
  • “Non-State Actors as Respondents Before International Judicial Bodies”, ILSA Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 397-416 (2018) 
  • “The Implicated Issue Problem: Indispensable Issues and Incidental Jurisdiction”, New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 447-507 (2018)
  • “The Peaceful Non-Settlement of Disputes: Article 4 of CMATS in Timor-Leste v Australia”, Melbourne Journal of International Law, Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 349-372 (2017)
  • “Investments on Disputed Territory: Indispensable Parties and Indispensable Issues”, Brazilian Journal of International Law, Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 122-138 (2017)
  • “Humanitarian Intervention at the Margins: An Examination of Recent Incidents”, Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 415-461 (2017)
  • “Ensuring Responsibility: Common Article 1 and State Responsibility for Non-State Actors”, Texas Law Review, Vol. 95, No. 3, pp. 539-590 (2017) (co-authored)
  • “Favoring Validity: The Hidden Choice of Law Rule for Arbitration Agreements”, American Review of International Arbitration, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 327-358 (2016)
  • “Jurisdiction and Applicable Law Under UNCLOS”, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 126, No. 1, pp. 242-260 (2016)
  • “Sovereignty over Crimea: A Case for State-to-State Investment Arbitration”, Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 459-468 (2016)
  • “Supplemental Jurisdiction Under UNCLOS”, Houston Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, No. 2, pp. 499-575 (2016)
  • “The State’s Right to Property Under International Law”, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 125, No. 6, pp. 1805-1819 (2016)
  • “Deferring Future Damages to Future Tribunals: The Jurisdictional Obstacles”, ICSID Review—Foreign Investment Law Journal, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 246-253 (2016)
  • “Nuclear Arbitration: Interpreting Non-proliferation Agreements”, Nuclear Law Bulletin, Vol. 2015, No. 1, pp. 41-64 (2015)
  • “Proving Genocide: The High Standards of the International Court of Justice”, Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 40, No. 2, pp. 419-422 (2015)
  • “Nuclear Leverage: US Intervention in Sensitive Technology Transfers in the 1970s”, The Nonproliferation Review, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 473-492 (2013)

Honors & Involvement

HONORS
  • The Hague Academy of International Law: Diploma in Public International Law
  • University of Oxford, Wadham College: Senior Scholar
  • Yale Law School: Jerome Sayles Hess Prize (“excellence in the area of international law”)
  • Quebec Society of International Law: Jacques-Yvan Morin Prize (best oralist at the French-language Charles Rousseau International Law Moot Court Competition)
  • Lexology Index (Who’s Who Legal): Arbitration Future Leader
  • District of Columbia Courts: Capital Pro Bono High Honor Roll
INVOLVEMENT
  • American Society of International Law: Co-Chair of the Annual Meeting Committee (2027), Member of the Annual Meeting Committee (2018), Member
  • Asian Society of International Law: Member
  • European Society of International Law: Member
  • International Law Association, American Branch: Member of the International Law Weekend Organizing Committee (2021, 2025), Member
  • International Legal Materials: Member of the Editorial Advisory Committee (2020-2026)
  • Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition: Problem Author (2018, 2021), Judge (2017-2021)
  • Charles Rousseau International Law Moot Court Competition: Judge (2018)

Speaking Engagements

  • “Unpacking National Investment Laws: Dispute Settlement” (Panelist), United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and International Institute for Sustainable Development, Geneva, Switzerland (online) (7 May 2026)
  • “America First, Asia’s Responses: Trade, Semiconductors, and Lawfare” (Panelist), American Society of International Law, 2026 Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, United States (23 April 2026)
  • “Reassessing the ICJ: Institutional Design, Representation and Legitimacy” (Panelist), Centre for International Law, National University of Singapore, Singapore (online) (18 March 2026)
  • “Litigating before the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland (11 November 2025)
  • “Live-Fire Military Exercises at Sea” (Panelist), Asian Society of International Law, 10th Biennial Conference, Hanoi, Vietnam (9 October 2025)
  • “The ICJ’s Advisory Opinion on Obligations of States in respect of Climate Change” (Panelist), Linklaters, Amsterdam, Netherlands (6 October 2025)
  • “Crafting Law After Crisis: The WHO Pandemic Agreement in Perspective” (Panelist), American Society of International Law Abroad, Singapore (4 September 2025)
  • “International Law in the New Era: Bridging Practice and Research" (Panelist), American Society of International Law Interest Groups Engagement Session, Singapore (2 September 2025)
  • “Presuming the Good Faith of States before International Courts and Tribunals” (Panelist), Harvard Law School and Geneva Graduate Institute, How and Why Do Double Standards Matter for International Law?, Geneva, Switzerland (15 May 2025)
  • “Taking Stock of Sentenza 159/2023: Remedies without Execution?” (Panelist), The Future of Remedies Against Immunity: Ways Out of the German-Italian Stalemate, Villa Vigoni, Lake Como, Italy (28 April 2025)
  • “Dialogue on Strengthening Institutions for Sustainable Growth: Rethinking International Investment Agreements in the Context of Qatar National Vision 2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals 2030” (Speaker), United Nations Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Geneva, Switzerland (7 February 2025)
  • “The Advisory Centre: Perspectives from Practitioners” (Moderator), United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, Working Group III, Meeting on the Operationalization of the Advisory Centre, Bangkok, Thailand (2 December 2024)
  • “Mediation and Conciliation” (Speaker), International Boundaries Research Unit, Workshop on Preparing for Third-Party Settlement of Boundary and Sovereignty Disputes, Paris, France (7 November 2024)
  • “Boundary Dispute Resolution under International Law” (Speaker), International Boundaries Research Unit, Workshop on Preparing for Third-Party Settlement of Boundary and Sovereignty Disputes, Paris, France (6 November 2024)
  • “Inter-State and Investor-State Arbitration”, University of Virginia School of Law, Charlottesville, VA, United States (online) (21 October 2024)
  • “The Madrid Protocol and WIPO’s Alternative Dispute Resolution Services for Trademark Disputes” (Moderator), Celebration for Qatar’s Accession to the Madrid Protocol, Geneva, Switzerland (8 October 2024)
  • “The Effects of ICJ Decisions” (Speaker), Litigando Derecho Course on Role and Practice at the International Court of Justice (online) (7 October 2024)
  • “Looking Back: The Origins of ISDS” (Panelist), American Society of International Law Abroad, Geneva, Switzerland (6 June 2024)
  • “International Arbitration” (Speaker), Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, United States (online) (19 February 2024)
  • “Pushing the Limits of the Judicial Function: Advisory Opinions as Instruments of Dispute Settlement” (Panelist), American Society of International Law, 2023 Annual Meeting, Washington, DC, United States (30 March 2023)
  • “The Silala Case (Chile v. Bolivia) and the Relevance of ICJ Decisions in International Investment Arbitration” (Panelist), American Society of International Law, Latin America Interest Group Event, Washington, DC, United States (8 March 2023)
  • “Litigation at the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, United States (16 February 2023)
  • “Advising Sovereign States: Unlocking the World of Public International Law and Dispute Resolution” (Panelist), Columbia Law School, New York, NY, United States (10 February 2023)
  • “Framework for Dispute Settlement; Mediation and Conciliation” (Speaker), International Boundaries Research Unit, Workshop on Preparing for Third-Party Settlement of Boundary and Sovereignty Disputes, Paris, France (14 November 2022)
  • “Litigating Before the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), ELTE Law School, Budapest, Hungary (25 April 2022)
  • “International Court of Justice” (Speaker), Yale Law School, New Haven, CT, United States (online) (2 March 2022) 
  • “Cross-Strait Relations: The Prospects and Challenges” (Panelist), Conference hosted by the Prospect Foundation and Center for a New American Security, Washington, DC, United States (online) (16 September 2021)
  • “Multilingual Treaties” (Speaker), Jindal Global Law School, Sonipat, India (online) (8 August 2021)
  • “Inter-State Cases under the European Convention on Human Rights: Experiences and Current Challenges” (Panelist), Conference hosted by the German Federal Ministry for Justice and Consumer Protection within the framework of the German Chairmanship of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, Berlin, Germany (online) (12 April 2021)
  • “International Human Rights and Democracy” (Panelist), International Conference of the School of Law and Justice of Adamas University, Kolkata, India (online) (10 April 2021)
  • “Multiparty Arbitration” (Panelist), Frankfurt Investment Arbitration Moot Court Moscow Pre-Moot Conference, Moscow, Russia (online) (19 February 2021)
  • “Practice at the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata, India (online) (10 September 2020)
  • “Enforcement of International Law: Lawyer’s Perspective” (Panelist), Indonesian Society of International Law Lecturers, Jakarta, Indonesia (online) (8 August 2020)
  • “Litigation and Arbitration in Public International Law” (Speaker), Singapore Management University, Singapore (6 February 2020)
  • “International Dispute Settlement: A Practitioner’s Perspective” (Speaker), Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand (26 August 2019)
  • “A Strategy of Non-Participation in International Dispute Settlement” (Panelist), Asian Society of International Law, 7th Biennial Conference, Manila, Philippines (23 August 2019)
  • “Fisheries Review Panels: Lessons from Ecuador v. Commission (2018) and Russian Federation v. Commission (2013)” (Panelist), International Law Association and American Society of International Law, 2019 Asia-Pacific Research Forum, Taipei, Taiwan (17 May 2019)
  • “Representing States in Public International Law Disputes” (Speaker), Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar (16 January 2019)
  • “Legal Grammatical Constructions in the Six UN Languages” (Panelist), European Society of International Law, 14th Annual Conference, Manchester, United Kingdom (14 September 2018)
  • “Litigating Before the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), Melbourne Law School, Melbourne, Australia (22 August 2018)
  • “A Strategy of Non-Participation in International Dispute Settlement” (Panelist), International Law Association, 78th Biennial Conference, Sydney, Australia (20 August 2018)
  • “The Standard of Control of ITLOS over Police Activities at Sea” [“Le degré de contrôle du TIDM sur les actes de police en mer”] (Panelist), 15th Annual Opening Colloquium for the Charles Rousseau Competition, University of Angers, Angers, France (30 April 2018) (in French)
  • “International Law, the International Court of Justice, and Multilingualism” (Speaker), Renmin University of China Law School, Beijing, China (27 February 2018)
  • “Hot Topics in International Law: Non-Participation, Non-Proliferation, and Non-Election” (Speaker), Renmin University of China Law School, Beijing, China (27 February 2018)
  • “Deep Seabed Mining: A Growing Threat to Africa’s Mining Industry” (Panelist), African Society of International Law, 6th Annual Conference, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (28 October 2017)
  • “Appointing Authorities: Self-Appointment, Party Appointment, and Non-Appointment” (Panelist), Conference on the Legitimacy of Unseen Actors in International Adjudication, Leiden University, The Hague, Netherlands (26 October 2017)
  • “Multilingualism in International Law and at the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), The Hague University of Applied Sciences, The Hague, Netherlands (24 October 2017)
  • “The Internal Judicial Practice of the International Court of Justice” (Speaker), Erasmus School of Law, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands (24 October 2017)
  • “Non-State Actors as Respondents” (Panelist), at International Law Weekend 2017, Fordham University School of Law, New York, United States (21 October 2017)
  • “Moving Maritime Boundaries: Land Transfers, Moving Rivers, and Rising Sea Levels” (Panelist), University of Indonesia and University of Tanjungpura, 8th Center for International Law Studies International Conference on State Boundary Affairs, Pontianak, Indonesia (2 October 2017)
  • “Non-State Actors as Respondents in International Dispute Settlement” (Speaker), Utrecht University School of Law, Utrecht, Netherlands (22 September 2017)
  • “The Common Heritage of Mankind and the BBNJ Implementing Agreement: The Case for an ITLOS Advisory Opinion” (Panelist), European Society of International Law, Law of the Sea Interest Group Workshop, Naples, Italy (6 September 2017)
  • “First Decisions: The Arrogation of Jurisdiction by International Judicial Bodies” (Panelist), Cambridge International and European Law Conference 2017, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom (24 March 2017)
  • “Investment Protection and Contested Maritime Areas” (Panelist), Frankfurt Investment Law Workshop 2017, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany (11 March 2017)