As a pioneering law firm in the Energy & Climate sectors, we have deep expertise in the range of technologies, business models and strategies necessary to develop & deploy climate solutions at scale
Investment and innovation are the key ingredients to meeting the challenges posed by climate change. Recognizing this, Foley Hoag established its Energy & Climate Group in 2005—one of the first multidisciplinary practices serving the full lifecycle of renewable energy and climate solutions companies. With over two decades at the forefront of the energy transition, our attorneys and professionals are pioneers in a broad range of markets and technologies, including distributed and large-scale solar, onshore and offshore wind, energy storage, clean transportation, electricity transmission, geothermal, and many more. We provide a full suite of transactional, debt, finance, strategic, regulatory, permitting, litigation, and other counsel regarding matters and deals large and small, at the state, federal, and international levels. We built and continue to develop a full-service and committed team that works hand-in-hand with energy and climate innovators—from early-stage startups to some of the largest energy companies in the world.
Areas of Focus
From wind and solar to biogas, hydropower and geothermal energy, our legal strategies and industry insights are helping clients accelerate their clean infrastructure projects.
We represent clients developing and deploying innovative technologies that capture and sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, mitigating climate change while advancing a path towards negative emissions.
We help navigate a range of issues across the entire spectrum of clean and low-carbon transportation solutions, including electric vehicles and charging infrastructure, sustainable aviation fuel, renewable natural gas, and other renewable and sustainable alternative fuels. Our expertise extends to state and federal programs supporting electric vehicles and alternative fuels and includes matters arising under the Renewable Fuel Standard, State Low Carbon Fuel Standards, emerging Clean Heat Standards, and clean-fuels-related federal tax credits such as 45Z (clean fuels production tax credit), 45V (hydrogen production tax credit), and 45Q (carbon capture tax credit).
Our team works with companies with solutions for difficult-to-decarbonize spaces, such as energy-intensive industrial processes and long-haul transportation. From clean cement to clean steel, we help clients navigate and obtain key incentives and financing to support their decarbonized solutions. This includes advising on federal programs and tax incentives supporting solutions such as hydrogen, carbon capture, long-duration energy storage, critical minerals for clean energy components, and materials recycling.
Combining deep industry knowledge with regulatory prowess, we guide utilities, developers and investors through the intricate state and federal legal and regulatory landscapes governing the build-out and operation of robust transmission networks.
We combine deep legal expertise with a passion for sustainability, empowering innovators to bring transformative climate solutions to market.
Our team delivers sophisticated legal support to companies developing, operating, and investing in data centers—critical infrastructure powering today’s digital economy. We guide clients through complex regulatory, environmental, real estate, and technology-related challenges, helping them secure compliant operations, mitigate risk, and protect their strategic interests as they build scalable, energy‑efficient, and resilient data solutions.
Client Successes
A sampling of the innovative deals and matters we have handled on behalf of our clients:
Geothermal Energy
We advised Spring Lane Capital and Just Climate as co-lead lenders in a $40 million Development Capital Facility for Zanskar Geothermal & Minerals, the first AI-native geothermal energy company.
We advised The Nature Conservancy in its purchase agreement with Brookfield Renewable Partners (Brookfield) for four dams on the lower Kennebec River in Maine.
We are proud to have advised Pantheon Regeneration PBC on AXA IM Alts’ investment, financing Pantheon’s first 14,500‑acre Pocosin peatland restoration and rewilding project.
We are proud to have advised Flatiron Energy in securing approximately $540 million in financing commitments for Project Taft, a 200 MW/800 MWh battery energy storage project in Uxbridge, Massachusetts.
We advised Energize Capital on the final closing of Energize Ventures Fund III, securing $430 million in capital commitments to support investments in climate and energy innovation.
We are proud to have advised the State of Delaware and DNREC on agreements with US Wind providing renewable energy credits, community benefits, and lease payments valued at more than $128 million.
Our Energy & Climate Counsel Blog is a one-stop resource for timely analysis of legal and policy developments affecting the energy and climate sectors.
Spring Lane Capital as lead investor in a $115 million Series C Financing of Zanskar Geothermal
Engine Ventures in the $45 million Series A financing of Blue Energy, a manufacturer of nuclear power plants at existing fab yards and shipyards
Nth Cycle, a leader in sustainable metals refining, in its $37 million Series B financing
ArkeaBio, a pioneer in developing technology to reduce GHG emissions from the agricultural sector, in its $26.5 million Series A financing and its $12 million Series Seed financing
Nexamp in various financing transactions with Diamond Generating Corp., a wholly owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corporation
Sparkcharge, manufacturer of electric vehicle charging units designed to eliminate the challenges of wired infrastructure, in its $23 million Series A financing
Neglected Climate Opportunities, the Grantham Foundation’s climate‑focused venture capital vehicle, in 20+ investments including Renewable Metals, Ebb Carbon, Cache Energy Storage, and Travertine Technologies
The Engine and Material Impact in a $10.5 million investment in Foundation Alloy Explorations
The Engine in various other venture financings, including investments in EvolOH and Mantel Capture
Azolla Ventures in several investments including Scalvy, Calcarea, and Carbon Reform
Advised on the formation of the Symbiosis Coalition, a new advance market commitment collaboration among Google, Meta, Microsoft, and Salesforce
PRIME Coalition in its fund formation and various innovative financing transactions, including investments in Sublime Systems, Noon Energy, and Leading Edge Equipment Technologies
Serve as financing and outside general counsel for an emerging indoor agriculture enterprise in equity, debt, and project‑level financing
Cala Systems, producer of the world's first intelligent heat pump water heater, in its $5.6 million seed funding
Alsym Energy, a developer of rechargeable batteries, in its $78 million Series C round
7AC Technologies, a developer of high‑efficiency air conditioning systems, in its $6.2 million Series C financing led by SABIC Ventures
Otoro Energy, a flow battery technology developer, in a Convertible Note and Warrant financing
Maiven Energy, a developer of an AI‑powered virtual energy assistant, in a SAFE financing led by Blue Startups
Prometheus Materials, a provider of zero‑carbon bio‑cement, in the initial closing of its 2024 Note and Warrant financing
Zero Homes, a technology company supporting home‑energy upgrades, in its Series A raise led by Prelude Ventures
RenewCO2, a carbon‑negative chemicals company, in its $4 million Series Seed financing led by Energy Transition Ventures
florrent, Inc., an energy‑technology company, in its oversubscribed $9.5M Seed‑2 funding round
Sightline Climate in its $5.5 million Series Seed financing
Advised a home solar, battery storage and energy services company client on regulatory, policy and wholesale electricity market issues and helped it secure an historic bid to deliver home solar and batteries as a capacity resource in ISO-NE’s Forward Capacity Auction, for the capacity commitment period June 1, 2022- May 31, 2023. The company’s participation in New England’s capacity market is the first time in the country that home solar and battery storage has directly participated alongside traditional generation resources in a wholesale capacity auction.
Represented intervenors in a proceeding before the Massachusetts Department of Public Utilities where important issues decided by the Department relating to electric vehicle expansion in the Commonwealth. The Department ultimately struck down the utility’s request both to expand significantly its EV program and to own and operate EV infrastructure.
Represented a competitive power producer in a proceeding before the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission opposing the price-suppressive aspects of a competitor’s cost-of-service agreement.
Representing leading battery energy storage developers in securing needed state and local permits and addressing brownfield site redevelopment matters with respect to utility-scale storage projects in Massachusetts.
Represented Flatiron Energy with respect to Massachusetts permitting matters in connection with a transaction to secure approximately $540M in financial commitments for Project Taft, a 200MW/800MWh battery energy storage project located in Uxbridge, Massachusetts.
Advising several national developers of solar and battery energy storage projects on energy regulatory issues in various tax-credit-related transactions arising from new requirements for federal clean energy tax credits, including "foreign entity of concern" supply chain requirements and requirements associated with phaseout deadlines for solar and wind credits.
Representing offshore wind energy developer in permitting and other proceedings before the Massachusetts Energy Facilities Siting Board and the Department of Public Utilities relating to two approximately 800MW offshore wind facilities and a third approximately 1,200MW facility.
Advised world's largest renewable fuel producer in advocacy before federal agencies regulating renewable fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, including preparing comments on several proposed rules and policies under the federal Renewable Fuel Standard and other proposed rules aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Advising sustainable aviation fuel project developers on federal Renewable Fuel Standard and related programs, as well as recently enacted federal and state incentive programs
Assisted sustainable aviation fuel developer with petition for approval of production pathway to generate Renewable Identification Numbers (RINs)
Represented a biomass generator before the New Hampshire Public Utilities Commission in proceedings related to an amendment to a power purchase agreement required by a change in state law.
Successful energy, environmental permitting and related appeals for the 800 MW "Vineyard Wind" project, the first large-scale off-shore wind farm in North America. Vineyard Wind LLC (Massachusetts EFSB 17-05 and 19-05).
Energy, environmental permitting and related issues for the 804 MW "Park City Wind" off-shore wind project, Vineyard Wind LLC (Massachusetts EFSB 20-01), and for the forthcoming 1242 MW "Commonwealth Wind" project.
Relicensing efforts for a 1,200 MW pumped storage and traditional hydroelectric development. FirstLight Power Resources, Turners Falls Hydroelectric Project (FERC No.1889) and Northfield Mountain Pumped Storage Project (FERC No. 2485).
Environmental permitting, due diligence, transactional and compliance matters for dozens of solar power generating facilities.
Siting, permitting and regulatory advice for the developers of emerging energy generation technologies.
Advises parties with regard to electric transmission infrastructure, including the developer of a proposed HVDC undersea and underground electric transmission line in the northeastern US, as well as offshore wind developers with regard to onshore utility-owned transmission infrastructure (Massachusetts EFSB 19-06).
Represented conventional combined cycle generation facilities, including initial permitting (US Generating, 360 MW, EFSB 96-04), expansions (Milford Power LLC, Massachusetts, 225 MW, EFSB 17-04) and ongoing compliance, transactional and enforcement advice.
Advises owners and operators of fossil fuel, hydropower, fuel cell, solar, biomass, waste-to-energy, distributed generation, combined heat and power, emergency backup and landfill gas generating facilities with regard to transactional, project development, permitting, environmental compliance, and enforcement matters.
Represents clients with respect to the use, acquisition, creation and sale of carbon and emission-related credits.
Represented an owner of an electric power generating facility in a federal criminal environmental matter in the northeastern United States relating to the operation of air emissions monitoring equipment.
Represented numerous electric generating, waste-to-energy, biomass, chemical manufacturing and mining facilities across the United States in the northeastern United States against federal Department of Justice and state Attorneys General claims under federal and state clean air acts.
Represented a combined cycle electric power generating facility in an enforcement matter pertaining to compliance with applicable Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative measurement and reporting requirements.
Counsels energy and industrial corporations with respect to sustainability, environmental corporate social responsibility.
Represented Takeda, one of the largest biopharmaceutical employers in Massachusetts, in defense of claims brought by the Attorney General alleging violations of the state Clean Air Act. Negotiated settlement to implement operational changes that avoided the need to install costly treatment technology.
Represented a large world-wide manufacturer of building materials in defending against claims brought by the Attorney General alleging violations of a number of statutes, including the state Clean Air Act.
Represent various electric generating companies in connection with the development of regulations requiring reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases.
Project Finance
Impact investing firm Monarch Private Capital in the tax equity financing of a 190 MW solar project developed by Sol Systems to advance sustainable energy and infrastructure in southern Illinois
Soltage in over $1 billion of equity and debt financings of solar and storage project portfolios
BlueWave Public Benefit Corp in various M&A and financing transactions, including $91 million financings of a solar and storage portfolio with US Bank (tax equity) and KeyBank (debt)
Spring Lane Capital in clean infrastructure financings, including a debt facility commitment of up to $50 million and a co-led Series A investment in EVCS Charging Solutions
Navisun in several tax equity and portfolio debt financings
The Forest Road Company as lender in a debt financing transaction with California solar developer Morpho Energy
GoldenSet Capital Partners in $50 million sponsor equity and simultaneous tax equity investments for a Massachusetts solar portfolio
Representation of Vineyard Wind LLC on Massachusetts matters for development of the first utility-scale offshore wind project in North America
Representation of Akamai Technologies in two virtual power purchase agreements (VPPAs) related to Texas wind projects
Representation of American Honda Motor Co. in hydrogen fueling infrastructure and VPPAs totaling 320 MW of renewable power
Representation of Boston University in its VPPA for 48.6 MW of wind power from the Triple H Wind Project in South Dakota
Representation of Soltage, LLC in four separate sponsor-and-tax-equity solar portfolio financings, including acquisitions, partnership agreements, leverage, and SREC transactions
Aggreko Energy Transition Solutions – a division of Aggreko – in its acquisition of Infiniti Energy, a U.S.-based commercial and industrial solar company, from Upper Bay Infrastructure Partners
Soltage in the sale of a majority equity interest to Igneo Infrastructure Partners and in multiple portfolio M&A transactions, including the sale of its joint venture with Basalt Infrastructure Partners holding 121 MW of solar assets in North and South Carolina to Altus Power
Greenwood Energy in the acquisition of Saturn Power and its 1.4 GW solar and battery development portfolios, and in various tax equity, debt, and M&A transactions
CrossBoundary Energy Access in acquiring and developing mini-grids in Africa, and as investor in a project finance partnership with Mobile Power
Aggreko Energy Transition Solutions on the acquisition and financing of a New York community solar portfolio
Represented national developer in diligencing, financing, and closing the acquisition of a 60-project solar portfolio across four states*
Represented solar developer in restructuring a contentious international joint venture to avoid litigation*
Soltage, operating in 18 U.S. states, in an agreement for Igneo Infrastructure Partners to acquire a majority equity interest
Ageto Energy, a microgrid energy management system provider, in its sale of substantially all assets to Generac Power Systems
Auto Motive Power, an EV power company, in its sale to Ford Motor Company*
Tank Utility, provider of remote monitoring services for delivered energy, in its sale to Generac Power Systems
Represented LIFTE H2 in an asset sale to Electric Hydrogen
Represents buyers, sellers, landlords, tenants, owners, and operators in transactional matters involving power plants, manufacturing facilities, commercial properties, and brownfields
Cleantech Open runs the world’s largest clean technology accelerator program, having worked with over 1,800 early stage cleantech innovators to develop their business models, engage investors and secure first customers since 2005.
NY-BEST works to catalyze and grow the energy storage industry and establish New York State as a global leader in advancing energy storage as a key solution for a clean energy future.
The Oceantic Network (formerly the Business Network for Offshore Wind) informs, coordinates, and mobilizes human ingenuity, enterprise, and labor to take advantage of the urgent need to tap the vast renewable energy resources that lie offshore in the world’s oceans.
The startup competition and accelerator MassChallenge has helped entrepreneurs from more than 54 countries solve some of the world's biggest challenges. Foley Hoag has been a proud supporter and partner since day one. Our team has been engaged as mentors, judges and teachers to 3,000+ different startups over the past decade including many in the climate tech and energy industry.
Greentown Labs is North America's largest climatetech incubator. Foley Hoag has collaborated with Greentown since 2013 and was a founding partner of Greentown’s headquarters. In addition to working with Greentown as their corporate counsel and serving on the advisory board, we enjoy working closely with their emerging companies as mentors and partners.
NYSEIA, the only statewide membership and trade association dedicated solely to advancing solar energy use in New York State, strives to achieve significant, long-term and sustainable growth of solar energy throughout New York.
SeaAhead brings together entrepreneurs, investors, industry leaders and stakeholders in the blue economy, providing an open-innovation ecosystem that produces scalable commercial solutions to modern-day challenges.
ACE NY promotes the use of clean, renewable electricity technologies and energy efficiency in New York state to increase energy diversity and security, boost economic development, improve public health and reduce air pollution.
Awards & Accolades
Chambers USA 2026
Ranked as a leading law firm in Chambers USA 2026 in a variety of areas, including Energy, Enviroment, Impact Investing and Corporate/M&A.
Law Students for Climate Accountability
LSCA recognized Foley Hoag with the organization’s first-ever A+ score on its 2026 Law Firm Climate Change Scorecard.
The Legal 500
Recognized nationally in multiple practice areas including M&A: Middle-Market (sub-$500 million) and Venture Capital & Emerging Companies by The Legal 500 United States 2026
Best Lawyers
57 Foley Hoag lawyers were listed in the 2026 edition; 4 attorneys named "Lawyer of the Year" and 46 attorneys recognized as “Ones to Watch”
U.S. News - Best Lawyers
Recognized nationally for Land Use and Zoning Law, Litigation - Environmental, Corporate, Mergers & Acquisitions and Venture Capital law in the 2025 Best Lawyers “Best Law Firms” rankings; overall, Foley Hoag is ranked in 22 national & 40 regional categories
IFLR1000
One of only six Massachusetts law firms ranked in Tier 1 for M&A by IFLR1000 2021; shortlisted for Massachusetts Law Firm of the Year 2021
We use cookies to enhance user experience, improve functionality and performance, and for analysis of website traffic. By clicking “accept”, you agree to the use of cookies. For more information about our cookie policy and the information we collect, please review our Privacy Statement.
Foley Hoag
Email Disclaimer
Transmitting information to us by e-mail unilaterally does not establish an attorney-client relationship or impose an obligation on either the law firm or even the receiving lawyer to keep the transmitted information confidential. By clicking "OK," you acknowledge that we have no obligation to maintain the confidentiality of any information you submit to us unless we already represent you or unless we have agreed to receive limited confidential material/information from you as a prospective client. Thus, if you are not a client or someone we have agreed to consider as a prospective client, information you submit to us by e-mail may be disclosed to others or used against you.
If you would like to discuss becoming a client, please contact one of our attorneys to arrange for a meeting or telephone conference. If you wish to disclose confidential information to a lawyer in the firm before an attorney-client relationship is established, the protections that the law firm will provide to such information from a prospective client should be discussed before such information is submitted. Thank you for your interest in Foley Hoag.
