Suleman

M. Arsalan Suleman

Partner
Washington, DC

I represent sovereign States in international disputes and advise clients on international law matters.

M. Arsalan Suleman is a partner in Foley Hoag’s International Litigation & Arbitration Practice. As a former senior diplomat and policymaker at the U.S. Department of State, he advises clients with a nuanced understanding of international law, politics, and diplomacy. His practice focuses on representing sovereign States in international disputes. Arsalan also advises his clients—including States, corporations, NGOs, and individuals—on global human rights matters. 

Arsalan frequently represents sovereign States in inter-State disputes before the International Court of Justice, the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, UN treaty bodies, and arbitral tribunals. These disputes have involved genocide, human rights violations, territorial and maritime boundary claims, and other public international law claims. 

Arsalan regularly represents States and State-owned entities in international arbitration matters. He has experience in arbitrations administered by the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), and ad hoc tribunals under the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules. He also often represents States and State-owned entities before U.S. courts and has argued cases before the D.C. Circuit and several U.S. District Courts. 

Arsalan is an active member of the firm’s Global Business and Human Rights practice. He advises clients on complex human rights matters. He also maintains an active pro bono practice on human rights matters. 

Arsalan is the U.S. Department of State’s former Acting Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), the world’s second largest international organization after the United Nations. He engaged with the OIC and its 57 member States on a broad range of foreign policy issues, establishing partnerships in areas of mutual interest such as human rights, countering violent extremism, health, education, entrepreneurship, and science and technology.

At the State Department he also served as Counselor for Multilateral Affairs in the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. He was the lead multilateral human rights policy adviser on freedom of expression and freedom of religion globally, as well as the lead multilateral human rights policy adviser for the Middle East, North Africa, and South and Central Asia. In this role, Suleman drafted several UN resolutions, delivered remarks in various UN forums, and engaged with senior UN officials and special procedures mandate holders.

Prior to joining the State Department, Arsalan was a litigator in New York and clerked for the late Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York.

Education

  • Harvard Law School, J.D., cum laude, 2007
  • Trinity College, University of Dublin, M.Ph., first honors, 2004
  • Georgetown University, B.S., magna cum laude, 2003

Bar and Court Admissions

BAR ADMISSIONS
  • District of Columbia
  • New York
COURT ADMISSIONS
  • U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York
  • U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia
  • U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit

Languages

  • Urdu
  • Arabic
  • Spanish

Experience

INTER-STATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW)
  • Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar). Lead Counsel to the Republic of The Gambia before the International Court of Justice in a lawsuit under the Genocide Convention seeking to hold Myanmar accountable under international law for genocide against the Rohingya. Secured unanimous provisional measures order against Myanmar.
  • Land and Maritime Delimitation and Sovereignty over Islands (Gabon/Equatorial Guinea). Counsel to Equatorial Guinea; secured favorable judgment on the merits in a dispute with Gabon regarding land and maritime boundaries and sovereignty over islands.
  • Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council under Article 84 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar). Counsel to the State of Qatar in proceedings before the International Court of Justice arising under the Convention on International Civil Aviation, or the Chicago Convention, constituting appeals against decisions as to the jurisdiction and competence of the ICAO Council.
  • Appeal Relating to the Jurisdiction of the ICAO Council under Article II, Section 2, of the 1944 International Air Services Transit Agreement (Bahrain, Egypt and United Arab Emirates v. Qatar). Counsel to the State of Qatar in proceedings before the International Court of Justice, arising under the International Air Services Transit Agreement, constituting appeals against decisions as to the jurisdiction and competence of the ICAO Council. 
  • Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Qatar v. UAE). Counsel to the State of Qatar before the International Court of Justice with respect to claims arising from breaches of the ICERD by the UAE.
  • Switzerland v. Nigeria (M/T San Padre Pio). Counsel to the Federal Republic of Nigeria in proceedings before the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea against Switzerland under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea concerning the detention of a Swiss-flagged shipping vessel and Nigeria’s enforcement of criminal laws regarding bunkering of fuel oil in its Exclusive Economic Zone. 
  • Qatar v. UAE. Advising the State of Qatar in a CERD Committee proceeding and an ad hoc conciliation concerning international human rights law.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia. Advising the State of Qatar in a CERD Committee proceeding and an ad hoc conciliation concerning international human rights law.
  • Qatar v. UAE. Advising the State of Qatar in a dispute concerning international trade law before the World Trade Organization.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia. Advising the State of Qatar in a dispute concerning international trade law before the World Trade Organization.
  • Qatar v. Bahrain. Counsel to the State of Qatar in arbitration proceedings under the auspices of the Universal Postal Union.
  • Qatar v. Egypt. Counsel to the State of Qatar in arbitration proceedings under the auspices of the Universal Postal Union.
  • Qatar v. Saudi Arabia. Counsel to the State of Qatar in arbitration proceedings under the auspices of the Universal Postal Union.
  • Qatar v. UAE. Counsel to the State of Qatar in arbitration proceedings under the auspices of the Universal Postal Union.
  • Advisory Opinion Proceedings: Advised multiple States on ICJ Advisory Opinion matters.  
INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION
  • Counsel to State-owned companies in dispute board proceedings regarding an electricity transmission project in Central Asia. Prevailed on all claims. 
  • Counsel to a State in an arbitration brought under the OIC Investment Agreement applying UNCITRAL rules. 
  • Counsel to a State entity in a complex ICC dispute arising from the construction of a sewage plant. Claim successfully dismissed on jurisdictional grounds. 
  • Counsel to a West African state in two ICC arbitrations concerning tax assessments levied against an international oil company.
  • Shift Energy v. Japan (ICSID). Counsel for Japan in an arbitration brought by a Hong Kong renewable energy investor challenging Japan’s regulations in the renewable energy sector. All claims were dismissed. 
GLOBAL BUSINESS & HUMAN RIGHTS
  • Advise States on compliance with international human rights law. 
  • Representing a client in a communication to the UN Human Rights Committee, the treaty body for the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. 
  • Advised a State on legal remedies and reforms in response to a tragedy involving the death of dozens of children due to imported medicine that was tainted. 
  • Advised NGOs on advocacy matters in the UN system, including the Universal Periodic Review. 
  • Advise NGOs on compliance with U.S. laws, including international trade and sanctions compliance matters. 
  • Advised a company on best practices for respecting the rights of Indigenous Peoples in the context of a proposed mining operation. 
  • Advised clients on submitting human rights complaints through UN treaty body complaint mechanisms. 
  • Advised a UN Special Rapporteur on matters within her mandate as established by the UN Human Rights Council.
LITIGATION BEFORE UNITED STATES COURTS
  • Edwards et al. v. Federal Republic of Nigeria et al. (D.C. Cir.). Represent Nigeria in an appeal of a successful district court judgment dismissing plaintiff’s case. 
  • Michigan Promissory Notes Recovery Ltd. v. Federal Government of Nigeria (E.D. Mich.). Represent Nigeria in a case seeking to enforce alleged promissory notes before the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan. 
  • Trump v. Slaughter (SCOTUS). In collaboration with co-counsel from the Peter Gruber Rule of Law Clinic at Yale Law School, represented two dozen former high-ranking Republican officials in an amicus brief before the U.S. Supreme Court arguing in favor of protections from Presidential removal for leaders of bipartisan, multi-member agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission. 
  • UAB Skyroad Leasing Inc. v. OJSC Tajik Air (D.C. Circuit). Represented on appeal the state-owned airline of the Republic of Tajikistan in the D.C. Circuit and secured unanimous decision upholding a successful district court judgment dismissing an arbitral award enforcement action for lack of personal jurisdiction. 
  • UAB Skyroad Leasing Inc. v. OJSC Tajik Air (D.D.C.). Represented the state-owned airline of the Republic of Tajikistan in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia and secured dismissal of an action under the New York Convention to enforce a $20 million arbitral award.
  • Dr. Ted Iseghohi-Edwards & Boston Legal Partners Corp. v. Federal Republic of Nigeria et al. (D.D.C.). Represented Nigeria and secured dismissal of a case to enforce alleged promissory notes before the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.
  • Isegohi Edwards v. Federal Republic of Nigeria et. al. (D. Mass.). Represented the Federal Republic of Nigeria and nine other Nigerian state entities and officials in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts and secured dismissal of an action seeking over $657 million related to the enforcement of a foreign court judgment.
  • Jennifer Edward v. Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations et al. (S.D.N.Y.). Represent the Permanent Mission of Nigeria to the United Nations in a lawsuit seeking damages.
  • The Republic of The Gambia v. Twitter, Inc. (D.D.C.). Represented the Republic of The Gambia in an action against Twitter to obtain discovery in the United States pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1782.
  • Jam v. International Finance Corp (SCOTUS). Represented a group of international law professors in an amicus brief before the U.S. Supreme Court.
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
  • Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), Acting, U.S. Department of State
  • Counselor for Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State
  • Deputy Special Envoy to the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), U.S. Department of State
  • Law Clerk, Judge Miriam Goldman Cedarbaum, U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

Other Publications

  • “An Honor That No Amount of Prejudice Will Deny”, ABA HUMAN RIGHTS MAGAZINE (November 2024). 
  • “The U.S. Is Missing a Chance to Engage the Muslim World”, FOREIGN POLICY (Feb. 15, 2023).
  • “To Repair Trust and Relationships, Biden Must Act Boldly”, BERKLEY FORUM, Georgetown Berkley Center for Religion, Peace & World Affairs (Dec. 14, 2020).
  • “Empty Seat Diplomacy: How America Surrendered Its Diplomatic Advantage, and How It Can Bounce Back”, SAIS REVIEWOF INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS 40(1) (2020).
  • “The Trump Effect: International Negotiation and Dispute Resolution,” G.W. INTERNATIONAL LAW REVIEW (2020).
  • “Religious Intolerance and America’s Image and Policies Abroad”, INSTITUTE FOR THE STUDY OF DIPLOMACY, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY, 2018.
  • “Return of the Clash: Operationalizing a Tainted Worldview,” 40:4 The Washington Quarterly 49 (2017).
  • “‘Trumping’ Jerusalem is fraught with dangerous implications,” THE HILL (December 18, 2017).
  • “Why the U.S. Needs Its Envoys,” Foreign Affairs, (Aug. 24, 2017).
  • “A Necessary Conversation: Debunking Religious Justifications for FGM/C,” BERKLEY FORUM, Georgetown University, Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, (July 11, 2017).
  • "Trump’s Farcical New Beginning with Muslims," FOREIGN POLICY (May 18, 2017).
  • “Surging Hate Crimes: A Concern for All Americans,” in WISE UP: KNOWLEDGE ENDS EXTREMISM (2017).
  • “Why the United States Cannot Agree on Blasphemy Laws,” 32 Boston Univ. Int’l L. J. 119 (2014).
  • “Bargaining in the Shadow of Violence: The NPT, IAEA, and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Negotiations,” 26 Berkeley J. Int’l L. 206 (2008).
  • “Strategic Planning for Combatting Terrorism – A Critical Examination,” 5 Cardozo Pub. L. Pol’y & Ethics J. 567 (2007).
  • “Recent Development, Military Commissions Act of 2006,” 20 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 325 (2007).
  • “Recent Development, Detainee Treatment Act of 2005,” 19 Harv. Hum. Rts. J. 257 (2006).

Honors & Involvement

HONORS
  • Capital Area Muslim Bar Association Impact Award, 2026
  • Capital Pro Bono Honor Roll 2024, 2023, 2021
  • Advocate of the Year, 2020, Justice for All
  • Awarded numerous Superior and Meritorious Honor Awards by the U.S. Department of State
  • Franklin Fellow, U.S. Department of State, 2010-2011
  • Heyman Fellow, Harvard Law School, 2010-2013
  • Empire State Counsel Pro Bono Honors, 2009-2010
  • Harvard Negotiation Research Project Fellow, 2006-2007
  • George Mitchell Scholar, 2003-2004
  • Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Foundation Americorps Fellow, 2001-2002
INVOLVEMENT
  • American Society of International Law
  • New York State Bar Association
  • Georgetown University Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, Advisory Board Member and Nonresident Fellow
  • America Indivisible, Board Chair 

Speaking Engagements